Homeless Heat Map
DOWNTOWN LOS ANGELES —
Back on December 5th launched the and I got to write about the process here. The project takes LAPD Central Division's bi-weekly homeless counts and turns the data into a map, visually telling the story of changes in Downtown's street population.
Today we've put online a new version of the maps, using a radically different methodology for showing the data. Instead of the dots of the old maps, this version takes the data and turns it into a "heat map" that shows the density of the population in different areas. More about the new style after the jump...
Interesting to note, though, is the way in which temperature affects the number of people on the street. It's cold outside, and has been for several days now. The count for January 15th (Monday) was down 271 people from January 2nd. It got cold and the people who could find somewhere to go did so.
I think the main thing this new style brings is a more instant understanding of what's going on. The dots made an interesting picture, and one that did work to tell the story, but in the end they generated a lot of questions. Real world data collection inevitably means compromises in your methodology, and in this case it led to confusing results like dots showing up on top of other dots.
Aside from just looking cool, the heat map was a tecnically interesting thing to create. The process involved taking irregular point data and generating an approximated surface from it. That surface data was then brought back into the GIS and the statistical models were tweaked this way and that until they generated something that felt true to the situation on the streets.
Update (9pm): A little on the technical side...
To generate the approximated surface I'm using , an open-source gridding application. Initially I was struggling because the data I get only has positive points -- there are no zero points to bring the elevation back to the plane in areas where no homeless were counted. I eventually figured out how to normalize the computation against a flat area I set up that covers Downtown.
Once I have the surface grid from surfit I use VTBuilder from the to georeference that data and clean out really low data (elevations less than 0.5 or so). VTBuilder outputs an Arc ASCII GRD file and I pull that back into ArcGIS.
The color ramp is applied against a set of baseline statistics that don't change count to count.

Simon Roy on January 17, 2007, at 07:15PM – #1
I hope the map will help understand the problem better and hopefully one day help fix it.